Your Future Family Preview Traits, Health Risks & Carrier Status of Ashley and Ben's Potential Children
Generated 2026-03-21
A
Ashley
×
B
Ben
100
Potential babies
18
Traits assessed
Trait and risk distributions across 100 simulated children
This report analyzes the genomes of both parents to model what genetic traits their future children could inherit.
We simulated 100 potential babies using a chromosome-level inheritance model, then scored each across appearance, body, and fun traits.
Results are shown as probability distributions across the potential babies, not as predictions for any single child.
How to read the charts
Each dot in the jitter plots represents one potential baby. Their horizontal position is their percentile relative to the general population. Hover over any dot to see the exact value.
Appearance & traits
Eye color, hair color, and skin tone use published IrisPlex and HIrisPlex models. Other traits like lactose tolerance and earwax type use single-variant Mendelian models. Some traits (e.g. hair color, skin pigmentation) also appear under Health Risk Scores as polygenic scores. These are independent methods — the locus-based models use a small number of high-effect variants, while PRS uses thousands of small-effect variants. We include both as complementary lines of evidence for transparency.
Important: This report is for informational and educational purposes only. Genetic predisposition is one factor among many. Environment, lifestyle, and chance all play major roles. This report is not a medical diagnosis and should not be used as a substitute for professional genetic counseling or clinical testing.
Each card summarizes one parent's predicted traits based on their own genotype. Appearance predictions show the parent's most likely phenotype for each trait.
These are the genetic contributions each parent will pass on to future children.
Predicted trait distributions across 100 potential babies
65% chance of brown eyes
Tend taller than average
No elevated carrier risk
Appearance Traits
These predictions are based on the combined effect of genetic variants known to influence eye color, hair color, skin tone, and related traits. Results show the probability distribution across potential babies. For example, a card showing 60% brown / 30% blue means roughly 6 in 10 potential babies had brown eyes. Color trait models use IrisPlex and HIrisPlex, validated predictive models developed from large population studies. Mendelian traits (earwax, lactose, freckles) are based on one or a few high-effect variants. Note: hair color and skin pigmentation also appear in the Health Risk Scores section as polygenic risk scores. These are different analytical methods that provide complementary perspectives on the same traits.
Eye Color
Chance for each color across potential babies
65%Brown
35%Blue
Most likely: Brown (65%)
Brown: 65%Blue: 35%Green Hazel: 0%
Ashley
Blue
94% probability
Ben
Brown
77% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs12913832
G/G
A/A
rs16891982
G/G
G/G
rs1800407
C/C
T/T
IrisPlex model (Walsh et al. 2013). Validated AUC 0.95 for blue, 0.73 for brown in European populations.
Hair Color
Chance for each color across potential babies
91%Blond
Most likely: Blond (91%)
Blond: 91%Brown: 5%Black: 4%Red: 0%
Shade:
Light 100%
Dark 0%
Ashley
Blond
81% probability
Ben
Brown
42% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs12913832
G/G
A/A
rs1805007
C/C
C/C
rs1805008
C/C
C/C
rs12821256
T/C
T/C
HIrisPlex model (Walsh et al. 2014). Two-stage: 4-category color + binary shade. Trained primarily on European populations.
Skin Tone
Chance for each color across potential babies
98%Pale
Most likely: Pale (98%)
Pale: 98%Intermediate: 2%Very Pale: 0%Dark: 0%Dark To Black: 0%
Ashley
Pale
45% probability
Ben
Pale
54% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs16891982
G/G
G/G
rs1426654
A/A
A/A
rs28777
A/A
A/A
HIrisPlex-S model (Walsh et al. 2017 Human Genetics; Chaitanya et al. 2018 FSI Genetics). 36-SNP ordinal logistic regression. Accuracy varies across populations.
Body traits capture physical characteristics influenced by many genetic variants working together. Height is predicted using a polygenic score based on thousands of variants and is shown separately for boys and girls, since male and female height distributions differ significantly. The chart shows where potential babies fall relative to the general population of the same sex. A child at the 70th percentile for height would be taller than 70% of people.
Height
Typical Range
Height is one of the most heritable human traits, with genetics accounting for roughly 80% of the variation between people. Thousands of common variants each contribute a few millimeters, collectively shaping a child's growth trajectory. Nutrition, health, and other environmental factors account for the remaining ~20%.
ShorterAverageTaller
? of 100 are taller than average
? are in the average range
? are shorter than average
Ashley: genetic estimate
Ben: genetic estimate
Percentiles based on EUR reference population
Effect size across PRS percentile bins
Estimated cm per PRS bin, dashed line at population mean (169.8 cm). Teal bars below show the fraction of potential babies in each bin.
Hair color is influenced by dozens of genetic variants that control the type and amount of melanin pigment produced. These polygenic scores capture the combined effect of many variants, each contributing a small push toward a particular shade. A higher percentile means a stronger genetic tendency toward that color relative to the general population. The top-ranked color is the one your children are most genetically predisposed to.
Brown
67th
21st96th
Blonde
54th
95th8th
Light Brown
53rd
97th4th
Dark Brown
39th
3rd92nd
Black
38th
4th84th
Red
16th
21st13th
Offspring median
AshleyBen
Fluid intelligence
Typical Range
Fluid intelligence is the capacity to reason through novel problems without relying on learned knowledge. It is approximately 50% heritable and declines gradually with age. Scores are shown on an IQ-like scale (percentile-matched to mean 100, SD 15) for ease of interpretation. Note that this is not a validated IQ test.
Potential babies cluster within the typical range for this trait.
Offspring cluster near the 66th percentile
(IQR 44–80th), with a predicted median of ~7.4 score.
Population average is 7.3 score.
DecreasedTypicalIncreased
0th50th100th
? of 100 are at increased genetic risk
? are in the typical range
? are at decreased genetic risk
Ashley:
87th percentile
Ben:
30th percentile
Percentiles based on EUR reference population
Effect size across PRS percentile bins
Estimated score per PRS bin, dashed line at population mean (7.3 score). Teal bars below show the fraction of potential babies in each bin.
A higher percentile indicates a greater tendency to burn rather than tan after sun exposure. People who burn easily typically have less protective melanin and should be especially diligent about sun protection.
Most potential babies carry significantly below-average genetic risk.
Offspring median: 33th percentile
(IQR 20–48th).
DecreasedTypicalIncreased
0th50th100th
? of 100 are at increased genetic risk
? are in the typical range
? are at decreased genetic risk
Ashley:
28th percentile
Ben:
35th percentile
Percentiles based on EUR reference population
Odds ratio across PRS percentile bins
Odds ratio per PRS bin vs. population average (OR = 1.0, dashed line). Teal bars below show the fraction of potential babies in each bin.
These traits are largely determined by one or two genetic variants with strong, well-replicated effects. While they are scientifically valid, they are considered "fun" because they are benign, quirky, or surprising, and not medically relevant. Results reflect the most likely outcome given each potential baby's inherited genotype. Keep in mind that environmental factors and gene-gene interactions can still play a role.
Earwax Type
Wet
100%
Dry
0%
Most likely: Wet
Based on 100 potential babies
Ashley
Wet
100% probability
Ben
Wet
100% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs17822931
C/C
C/C
ABCC11 rs17822931. Near-perfect Mendelian. Also associated with body odor.
Lactose Tolerance
Tolerant
100%
Intolerant
0%
Most likely: Tolerant
Based on 100 potential babies
Ashley
Tolerant
100% probability
Ben
Tolerant
100% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs4988235
A/A
A/A
LCT rs4988235. Primary European persistence allele. Other populations have different persistence variants.
OR6A2 rs72921001. Association study, not deterministic. C allele associated with soapy perception (OR=0.81 per A allele, Eriksson et al. 2012).
Asparagus Metabolite Detection
Cannot Smell
100%
Can Smell
0%
Most likely: Cannot Smell
Based on 100 potential babies
Ashley
Cannot Smell
100% probability
Ben
Cannot Smell
100% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs4481887
G/G
G/G
OR2M7 region rs4481887. A allele associated with ability to detect asparagus metabolites in urine. GG = anosmia (Pelchat et al. 2011, Eriksson et al. 2010, p=7e-24).
Alcohol Flush Reaction
Non Flusher
100%
Flusher
0%
Severe Flusher
0%
Most likely: Non Flusher
Based on 100 potential babies
Ashley
Non Flusher
100% probability
Ben
Non Flusher
100% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs671
G/G
G/G
ALDH2 rs671. Semi-dominant. Predominantly East Asian populations. AA carries elevated esophageal cancer risk.
Photic Sneeze Reflex
Unlikely
53%
Likely
47%
Most likely: Unlikely
Based on 100 potential babies
Ashley
Likely
50% probability
Ben
Unlikely
75% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs10427255
C/T
C/T
rs10427255 near ZEB2 (chr2), rs11856995 near NR2F2 (chr15). GWAS-based, probabilistic. C allele at rs10427255 is the risk allele (REF), so dosage is flipped. Autosomal dominant pattern clinically.
Cleft Chin
Possible
100%
Likely
0%
Unlikely
0%
Most likely: Possible
Based on 100 potential babies
Ashley
Likely
100% probability
Ben
Unlikely
100% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs11684042
A/A
G/G
Not purely Mendelian despite common teaching. Polygenic with environmental influence.
Hair Texture / Curl
Straight
100%
Wavy Curly
0%
Most likely: Straight
Based on 100 potential babies
Ashley
Straight
50% probability
Ben
Straight
50% probability
Locus
Ashley
Ben
rs3827760
A/A
A/A
rs11803731
A/A
A/A
EDAR rs3827760 G=straight (East Asian EDAR 370A). TCHH rs11803731 A=straight/T=curly (European); dosage flipped because REF=A is the straight allele.
Limitations and Caveats
Results represent statistical distributions across 100 simulated children, not predictions for any specific child.
Trait prediction models are validated primarily in populations of European ancestry. Accuracy may be lower for other ancestries.
Consumer genotyping arrays capture a subset of genetic variants. Rare variants and structural variants are not assessed.
Where genotyping data is used, ungenotyped variants are statistically inferred (imputed). Imputed genotypes carry some uncertainty, particularly for rare variants.
Polygenic risk scores reflect relative genetic predisposition, not absolute disease risk. Environmental factors, lifestyle, and family history are not captured.
Carrier screening covers a curated subset of common pathogenic variants only. A negative result does not exclude carrier status for unlisted variants or conditions.
These results are informational only and do not constitute medical advice or clinical diagnosis.
Do not make reproductive decisions based solely on these results. Consult a genetic counselor for clinical guidance.
Methods
Genotype Processing
Each parent's raw genotyping file is parsed, normalized, and converted to a standard genomic variant format. Variants are aligned to the GRCh37/hg19 human reference genome. Quality control filters remove low-confidence genotype calls, strand-ambiguous variants, and sites with excessive missingness.
Imputation and Phasing
For genotyping array data, ungenotyped variants are statistically inferred (imputed) using population-matched reference panels from large-scale sequencing projects. This process also resolves the phase of each variant (which allele sits on which chromosome), producing a complete, phased representation of each parent's genome across all 22 autosomes. Whole-genome sequencing data already contains the full set of variants and does not require imputation.
Ancestry Inference
Genetic ancestry is estimated by projecting each parent's genotype data onto a principal component space derived from globally diverse reference samples. A trained classifier assigns the most likely continental ancestry group, which is used to select the appropriate reference population for polygenic risk score interpretation.
Offspring Simulation
100 offspring genomes are generated by simulating biological meiosis for each parent. Crossover events are placed according to sex-specific recombination rate maps, and one haplotype from each parent is randomly transmitted per chromosome. This produces realistic offspring genomes that reflect the natural genetic variation between siblings.
Trait Scoring
Appearance and simple Mendelian traits (eye color, hair color, earwax type, etc.) are scored using published predictive models that combine genotypes at a small number of well-characterized loci. Polygenic risk scores aggregate the effects of thousands of common variants into a single score per trait, which is then compared to a population reference distribution to produce a percentile. Carrier screening evaluates curated pathogenic variants associated with recessive and dominant genetic conditions.
Report Generation
Per-child results are aggregated into family-level distributions. For each trait, the report shows the median, interquartile range, and full spread of outcomes across all potential babies. Effect sizes and confidence intervals for polygenic scores are derived from published reference data. All results are probabilistic estimates and should not be interpreted as clinical diagnoses.
Frequently Asked Questions
The report says I should have brown eyes, but I actually have green. Is something wrong?
Not at all. Genetic prediction models capture the most common patterns, but eye color, hair color, and many other traits are influenced by dozens of genes and subtle interactions that no model fully accounts for. Your genotype may carry modifier variants that shift the outcome away from the most likely prediction. Think of these results as probabilities, not certainties.
Does an elevated PRS mean my children will definitely develop that condition?
No. A polygenic risk score reflects inherited genetic predisposition relative to the general population. It does not account for diet, exercise, environment, medications, or protective genetic variants not included in the score. Most people with elevated PRS never develop the condition, and some people with low PRS do. These scores are best understood as one piece of a larger picture.
Should I start taking medication or change my lifestyle based on these results?
This report is not medical advice and should not be used to make treatment decisions. If a result concerns you, bring it to your physician or a certified genetic counselor. They can evaluate your full medical history, family history, and clinical test results before recommending any action.
Why do the potential babies show a range of outcomes instead of a single prediction?
Each biological child inherits a random combination of parental DNA. During reproduction, chromosomes recombine and segregate independently, so every child receives a unique genetic hand. By simulating 100 possible children, the report shows the realistic spread of outcomes rather than a single best guess.
What does "percentile" mean in the PRS results?
Percentile tells you where a person falls on the population distribution for a given trait. A child at the 75th percentile has a higher genetic score than 75% of the reference population. It does not mean a 75% chance of developing the condition.
Are carrier screening results diagnostic?
No. Carrier screening from consumer genotyping data covers a limited set of well-characterized variants. A "non-carrier" result does not rule out all possible mutations in a gene. If you are planning a pregnancy and have a family history of a genetic condition, clinical-grade carrier screening through a medical provider is recommended.
How accurate are the trait predictions for non-European ancestry?
Most genetic models used in this report were developed and validated primarily in European-ancestry populations. Accuracy may be reduced for individuals of other ancestries because allele frequencies, linkage patterns, and gene-environment interactions can differ across populations. The ancestry note on each PRS card indicates which reference population was used.
Is this a clinical-grade genetic test?
No. This report is generated from consumer genotyping data (such as 23andMe) and has not been performed or validated in a CLIA-certified clinical laboratory. The models used are based on published research, but they have not undergone the regulatory review required for clinical diagnostics. If any result raises concerns, follow up with a healthcare provider who can order confirmatory clinical testing.
Can I use this report for legal or insurance purposes?
No. This report is for personal informational use only. It should not be used for legal, insurance, or employment decisions.